Sentencing Models and The Correctional System Essay

How have sentencing models impacted corrections? Be sure to address the four types of sentencing models and the issues surrounding them (equity, truth-in-sentencing and proportionality). Sentencing models are plans or strategies developed for imposing punishment for crimes committed. During the 19th century these punishments were normally probation, fines and flat sentences. When someone was given a flat sentence, he or she had to serve the entire sentence without parole or early release. However, by the end of the 19th century the new models were developed. These new models include indeterminate, determinate, advisory/voluntary guidelines, presumptive and mandatory minimum sentencing (Schmalleger Smykla, 2011). Indeterminate†¦show more content†¦Even though the criminal justice system has guidelines to following when sentencing criminals, there are still sentencing issues. In other words, to make the sentencing more fair and equal, several issues have been addressed. These issues are proportionality, equity, social debt and truth in sentencing. Proportionality is a standard that deals with the punishment fitting the crime. The equity principle deals with ensuring that punishment for one crime is the same as punishment for a similar crime. Social debt is the next sentencing principle. With social debt, the judge reviews past behavior or criminal records in order to impose a fair sentence. Finally, the truth in sentencing ensures that inmates are not released from prison without serving the majority of his or her sentence. In other words, credit for good behavior or educational programs would not allow the inmate to be released if he or she only served a small portion of the sentence (Schmalleger Smykla, 2011). Additionally, these sentencing models have contributed to overcrowding in prisons and maximized case loads for community corrections as a result of diversion tactics and increased use of probation. The mandatory minimum sentencing was developed in an effort to make the criminals who committed the crime pay for what he or she did as well as deter other individuals from committing crimes. Though the goal of sentencing models wasShow MoreRelatedCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pages24 November 2014 Corrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional who can provide trainingRead MoreThe philosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation1100 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitator of the net-widening scheme that addresses governments’ main concerns of correctional facility overcrowding and high expenditures. The offender andRead MoreJails and Prisons Comparison Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagessome similar characteristics but are completely different models in which they serve in the criminal justice system. Some of the types of crimes that America faces today are: violent crimes, property, white collar or organized crime, and public order crimes (Worrall, 2008). The criminal justice system sets the regulations and policies of how an offender will be held accountable for their inappropriate actions. The criminal justice system is a process that takes time and money from society. The followingRead MoreLiterature Review On Recidivism854 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Correctional Treatment: An Effective Model for Change This particular study uses the therapeutic community theory model (TC) of treatment to reduce recidivism. The journal article discusses the development and the history of (TC). Furthermore, it uses the TC) model in the Oregon prison correctional system to validate this particular method of treatment. The purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to show that an effective drug treatment program in the criminal justiceRead MoreHow Crime Affects The Community1536 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant for communities to use this model of prevention to reduce crime to relieve themselves from the issues involved. Another way communities have a responsibility to assist in crime prevention is because state prison facilities house just under 50% of all inmates in the correctional system. Federal prisons make up a smaller population of correctional facilities and also house the majority population of drug offenders and victims of Mandatory Minimum Sentencing as a result of the War on Drugs. TheRead MoreSentencing Paper Individual1170 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sentencing Paper Toska Reed Introduction of Corrections/CJA234 February 02, 2015 University of Phoenix Online Professor John Eckert Sentencing Paper In this paper will describe how the system analyzes the principal objectives of punishment within the United States correctional system. It will also describe how the state and federal systems goals of punishment. How does sentencing affect the state and federal corrections systems overall and I will explain and support my answer? AlsoRead MorePrivatization of American Prisons1661 Words   |  7 Pagesone, there is little evidence to support the notion that it is more cost effective. Another is that the ethical issues are being taken to the extreme. The privatization of prisons is in no manner a solution to any problems that the criminal justice system is facing, and government should not delegate coercive authority to private entities. History of Prison Privatization: In the United States of America, prison privatization began to increase in popularity around the late 19th century. There areRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The Correctional System910 Words   |  4 PagesThe correctional system in America is an umbrella term referring to a range of mandates that entails the management, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. These mandates are often carried out through incarceration, probation, or parole, while prisons are the most popular correctional agency in America. Prisons in America were among some of the first public buildings established in the New World. Early prisons were not considered â€Å"houses of punishment,† but were rather referred toRead MoreProcess of the Criminal Justice System and Its Structure924 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of the Criminal Justice system and its structure The process of the Criminal Justice system works around flexibility and compassion to the individual attempting, far more than it used to, to refrain from formulating biased and impulsive judgment. All situations of the individuals case and background are taken into consideration and various programs exist to afford the individual the opportunity of reforming rather than being punished. Similarly, too, the more serious the crime, theRead MoreCommunity Corrections1082 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity corrections models in the United States. In the first model, integrated community corrections programs combine sentencing guidelines and judicial discretion (front-end) with a variety of alternative sanctions and parole and probation options. In the second model, some states have instituted programs in which correctional officials may direct already sentenced offenders into alternative sanction programs and parole and probation options (back-end). Both models are designed to help reduce

Essay on Islam in the American Soil - 542 Words

Islam in America The mention of the word Islam in the American soils evokes mixed reactions, especially after the September 11 attacks that left the American security agencies at the edge of confusion. Islam is equated to terrorism by most none Islam Americans. This is the general notion that was left in the minds of many westerners. Though not all Muslims who are terrorists, the people who are normally perpetuating in terrorist’s attacks purport to profess Muslim faith and often they are heard chanting â€Å"Allah Kubar† messages implying God is great after every attack. To the east, where Islam is well rooted, the case is very different in the sense that perpetuators of this act are regarded as heroes who were just conforming to the teachings†¦show more content†¦Quran is believed to have been given to Prophet Mohammed and nobody dares think the implications of the verses there in, but rather applies them at a literal meaning. Some of the aspects that bring a clash include ob session with the dress code and use of community language even on international platforms. Though not directly evident, it is felt that this kind of conservatism is an implication that irrespective of the country where Muslim find themselves, their loyalty is subscribed to ummah as demanded by the Quran. This is even why a staunch Muslim prays wherever he is facing Mecca. This is interpreted as total allegiance to ummah. Since time immemorial, incompatible values and interests between America and Islam make the two parties to continue pursuing struggle for power and world control. The introduction of the new world order was a big defeat for Islam and this is the main reason why America and the entire west is an enemy to the Islam faith. Islam condones democracy and rather advocate for application of Sharia Law in governance of the subjects found within the jurisdiction where this is found. There are no checks and balances to such a system. In conclusion, the Islam and America have a long history and there seems to be no way the ideologies from both sides will converge. This is because the two parties are interested on the same thing which cannot be splitShow MoreRelatedThe Horror Of 9 / 11883 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative taste for Islam followers, Muslims. Muslims bear the brunt of social construction because the U.S. continues to identify the Islam religion as a whole verses excepting the different sects. Century after century religions have been made up of sects, have trials and tribulations (some bigger then others), and continue to recruiting but most of all religions have offered culture, belief systems, status, and customs within the religious communities; this is also true for the Islam religion. AsRead MoreEssay On Islamophobia1063 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays, when you hear â€Å"terrorism,† you will most likely hear the word â€Å"Islamic radical Extremists.† The Media has done so well to link the act of terrorisms to the religion of Islam. In return, a new word emerged known as â€Å"Islamophobia.† According to Oxford dictionary, Islamophobia is â€Å"dislike of or prejudice against Islam or Muslims. Islamophobia increases as the media portrays Muslims as terrorists.* Most, if not all, media platforms are controlled by economic and political elites. In other wordsRead MoreThe Horror Of X And 11 : The Black Skin Of The Boston Bombers915 Words   |  4 Pagesskin of the Boston bombers, and the endless horrific news from the Islamic State (IS) continue to regurgitate in the media year after year, month after month, week after week, and night after night leaving a listener with negative feelings toward the Islam religion and its followers, Muslims. Muslims bear the brunt of social construction because the United States continues to identify the Islamic religion as a whole verses excepting the different sects. Century after century religions have containedRead MoreU.S. Diplomatic Mission Attacks in Benghazi and the Aftermath1506 Words   |  7 PagesOn the day of the 11th anniversary of the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, another attack unfolded--this time, on foreign soil, but still very much hitting close to home. Four U.S. citizens--the U.S. ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens; a Foreign Service information management officer, and two other U.S. personnel--died when members of the radical Islamist group called Ansar al-Sharia, one of many extremist Salafi groups, clashed with security forces in Benghazi after protestingRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Islam Phobia1223 Words   |  5 PagesMilliner EES21QH03 06/01/17 Islam Phobia â€Å"Allah ‘Akbar† is a phrase in the Arabic language of Islam religion, translating to say, â€Å"Allah is great†, and a phrase a terrorist would supposedly use before a wide-spread explosive attack seriously injuring or bringing fatality. This phrase is used commonly, for a punch line in a joke, where a Muslim with characteristics of the Islamic religion, (like their attire, or race) is humorously labeled as a terrorist. Many Americans are unaware of the originRead MoreI Know That More Deaths Occurred On 9 / 111067 Words   |  5 PagesFrancisco, California. The four flights were all taken between 8:00-9:00 AM. The first flight that took off, American Airlines Flight 11 deported from Boston s Logan Airport. It was heading to Los Angeles, California. The second flight, United Airlines Flight 175. It was also from Boston s Logan Airport. This same flight also had Los Angeles, California as its destination. The fourth flight, American Airlines Flight 77 departed from Dulles International Airport in Virginia was also heading to Los AngelesRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1545 Words   |  7 Pageshas seen in recent history. Consisting of Sunni Arabs they primarily operate out of the middle east and some parts of southeast Asia, however according to many terror experts they are a real threat to carry-out an attack against the U.S. on our own soil. Earlier this year an Ohio man was arrested who allegedly planned to bomb the U.S. capital in the name of ISIS. This radical Islamist group is growing each day and getting stronger, and poses a real threat to carry out a large scale terrorist attackRead MoreOsama Bin Laden and Al Qeada Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal mastermind Osama bin Laden. Rich with his family’s money â€Å"the base† was filled with recruits to form an Islamic army for a holy war and emotional movement known as jihad. â€Å"We should train these young men and equip them to be ready to uphold Islam and defend Muslims in any part of the world.† (Mockaitis, 2010). These men were the warriors of al-Qaeda, they were obedient and obeyed instructions without question; a benefit bin Laden would later use to terrorize multiple countries. Al-QaedaRead MoreThe Attack Of The Muslim Americans988 Words   |  4 Pageshopelessly tried to convince the Muslim American community that recent criticism towards them would stop. Throughout the speech, Obama tried to make the Muslim Americans feel as they were a part of America. 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Model Tax Convention on Income Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Is there any tax liability for the Conversion gain for the exchange of land with 8 units for the joint venter in which the market price is approximately RM 2.6 million and the cost of the land is approximately RM 600,000? 2.If a is taxable what is the Cost of land because the Purchase price is unknown, could we use the amount shown in the valuers report. 3.If the land owner disposed of the land any tax liabity will be incurred. 4.Discuss Stamp Duty and real property during transfer, disposal and Acquisition of property. 5.What tax is set for capital gains from Real Estate Sales? Answers: 1.Imposition of capital conversion gains In the case of resident, capital conversion gains are treated as ordinary business income and taxed at standard corporate tax rates. In the case of non-resident companies, capital gains of Malaysian origin are taxed at 11% of turnover or 22% of profits, from the lower value (Cameron, Manning, 2012). Deductions and tax credits A deduction on dividends received is applied to dividends transferred between resident companies. There are numerous tax incentives for qualified activities that comply with the tax incentive legislation, including investments, R D and high technology companies with foreign capital. Other corporate taxes A capital registration tax of 0.48% (or 1.44% in the Malaysian metropolitan area) is collected. A tax is levied on real estate from 0.24% to 0.6% on land and buildings.In this case Mr. Lau and Mr. Yong will be taxed at corporation tax on the a third land that they own. The purchase cost of year 2003, at RM 210,000 will be will be liable for taxation. On the other hand, the late Mr. Ngu who is deceased will have his estate not liable for taxation as the value of the land is not known and the person is deceased (Development land tax, 2007). 2.After the valuation of the land at initial cost, the land is RM 600,000. This is taxable initially. After the joint venture taxation is made differently where the joint ventures are taxed individually depending on their joint venture agreement. Mr. Lau and Mr. Yong will both be taxed a third of their income from the units they have made. As per the agreement, Mr.Ngu estate will go to the nest of keen probably his wife and will be taxed on income received from his part of the income from the 26 housing units. After conversion of the land, the tax liability can be based on the value determined by the values (Spencer, 2016). 3.This year, a new system of calculating the territorial tax was also introduced, although always maintaining the two essential variables: the value of the land and the estimate of the price of construction. Up to the hour houses and commercial establishments received similar treatment. After disposal, you will know the new values. In The year of disposal the property valuation - factor that weighs on the contributions. In his view, the value of land in the capital has increased by an average of 25%. "But one thing is the revaluation and the other contributions: many properties will not change, because they are new constructions (Engdahl, 2011). Taxing liability: From the following taxing year (usually the same as the calendar year, so from January 1st) after the trading has taken place. Cadastral liability: From the following property tax census after the date of the request, regardless of when the transfer took place. Deadline to resolve the request: 6 months Outcome in case of expired deadline: rejection of the requestIt is considered a real estate all floor, local, parking space, storage room, etc.. What changes were approved in the payment of VAT on housing? No state subsidized housing will have VAT. The subsidy is maintained at 85% of the lowest priced homes sold. 4.The stamp and stamp tax paid on mortgage lending operations will maintain its rate of 0.2% for all DFL 2 home sales. In the case of real estate other than, the tax increases from 0,4% to 0,8% of the value of the sale. The double increase in stamp and stamp tax rates will not apply in the case of property loans for the acquisition of housing. In other words, the rate of 0.2% that affects them is maintained in those cases. When the person owns a property and acquires another, he will pay VAT for the second purchase only if he is engaged in the real estate business. During acquisition the stamp duty is transferred to the acquirer of the value at the original or initial cost of the property (M cNaught, 2007). 5.Real estate acquired after 2004 will generate, as from January 1, 2017, the payment of taxes only if the taxpayer has a gain throughout his life, regardless of the number of properties he sells. This means that the difference between the values at which you purchased the property (s) and the value at which the property (s) sold must be greater than. Since the year 2016, the usual sale of real estate, except land, is subject to VAT (Real Property Gains Tax Act, n.d.). This rule applies in principle to those who engage in the business of selling real estate. However, it should be kept in mind that the modifications include a presumption of habitually in cases where the sale takes place before the year of having acquired or finished building a property. Tax consequence of disposal of a deceased property On the subject of death there have been many opinions in the world and in history, it is a matter of inspiration not only for poets and writers but also for film directors who deal with it. Death in many cases allows families to join or also to separate, can give rise to mixed feelings. In short, the death of a person entails a series of consequences and situations that are worth writing a treaty about it. Parts of these consequences are those of a legal nature, which include those of a tax nature (Model tax convention on income and on capital, n.d.). For this reason if property implies the only effective stimulus to drive work, to make that stimulus infinite, hereditary property was instituted. References Cameron, D., Manning, E. (2012).Federal taxation of property transactions(1st ed.). New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis. Development land tax. (2007) (1st ed.). Cambridge [England]. Engdahl, S. (2011).Taxation. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. McNaught, J. (2007).ABA property tax deskbook. Washington, DC: American Bar Association, Section of Taxation. Model tax convention on income and on capital(1st ed.). Real Property Gains Tax Act(1st ed.). Spencer, P. (2016).Property tax planning. [Place of publication not identified]: Bloomsbury Professional.

There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays Essay Example

There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays Essay The local authorization and authorities bureaus have been working together for a long clip and non wholly new pattern. Jones and Leverett quote However, the thrust towards integrated working which includes the full kids s work force ( that is, every person who works, on an employed or voluntary footing, with kids and their households across sectors such as wellness, instruction, early old ages and child care, drama work, societal attention, constabulary, young person support and leisure services ) under the interagency umbrella is a more recent and ambitious invention ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 123 ) Multi-agency working can be analysed utilizing three primary policy contexts. First, the context of influence, where policy discourses are constructed and cardinal policy constructs for illustration, partnership or multi-agency working are established. Second, the context of policy text production, or the paperss that represent policy ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 125 ) . These are normally expressed in linguistic communication which claims to be sensible and for the general public good ( Bowe et al. , 1992 ) . They include texts such as the SEN Code of Practice ( DfES, 2001 ) or the new Working Together to Safeguard Children guidelines ( HM Government, 2010 ) . Such texts are so responded to within the context of pattern, or what really happens on the land for illustration, schools, child care or wellness scenes as a consequence of a peculiar policy . ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 125 ) We will write a custom essay sample on There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jones ( 2000 ) added a 6th context, the context of concealed values . This means positive consequence results on policy ; such as, statute law that promotes interagency cooperation in kids s services. They aim to protect kids s public assistance and better well-being. However, Jones suggests that there may be a scope of concealed significances and results. At a cardinal degree, policy can be smartly constructed to mask a peculiar set of purposes, values and beliefs. Intentionally or otherwise, policy may be a wolf in sheep s vesture ( Jones, 2000 ) There is besides grounds that practicians construct their ain significances related to policy, whether these are intended or non. Commenting on the inclination of policy shapers to centrally design signifiers, e-templates and appraisal tools . ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) Both, Garrett ( 2006 ) and Axford et Al. ( 2006 ) note how these are sometimes resisted by practicians because they are perceived as exercising cardinal control over hitherto reasonably independent countries and suspected of being a cost-cutting device ( Axford et al. , 2006, p. 172 ) . Consequently, policy could really prolong or make fortunes that maintain or exacerbate jobs. Rather than being a solution to the perceived job, the interaction between policy and pattern may do a new set of jobs. ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) The cardinal point is that policy is at three degrees local, front line and cardinal. At cardinal degree the thoughts are made concrete and so articulated nationally and locally. At the clip the policy enters the work force such as schools, practicians perceptual experiences can accordingly be affected. The inquiry is: to what extent is the vision enshrined in cardinal policy on multi-agency working likely to alter as it travels on its journey from cardinal authorities to individual practician? ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) Governments have a inclination to build their vision for policy as a statement of purposes or intended results. Sometimes the vision is embedded within a wider model ; for illustration, authoritiess in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) In England, kids s well-being was defined as the five reciprocally reenforcing results originally presented in the Every Child Matters Green Paper ( DfES, 2003, p. 6 ) : SHEEP is an acronym that stands for: S Stay safe H Healthy E Enjoy and accomplish E Economic well-being P Positive part The following stairss is to interpret these visions into larning which can be implemented into pattern by people working in such sectors. The five results were integrated into the development of the common nucleus accomplishments and cognition for the kids s work force ( DfES, 2005 ) dwelling of: Effective communicating and battle with kids, immature people and households Child and immature individual development Safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of the kid Supporting passages Multi-agency working Sharing information . ( DfES, 2005 ) Despite fluctuations, the UK authorities agreed that all kids will profit from closer working between practicians and bureaus. The Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) is a cardinal portion of presenting frontline services that are integrated and focused around the demands of kids and immature people. The CAF will advance more effectual, earlier designation of extra demands, peculiarly in cosmopolitan services. It is intended to supply a simple procedure for a holistic appraisal of a kid s demands and strengths, taking history of the function of parents, carers and environmental factors on their development ( ECM, 2008 ) . The CAF signifier is designed to record and, where appropriate, portion with others, appraisals, programs and recommendations for support. Section 11 of the Children Act 2004 places a statutory responsibility on cardinal people and organic structures to do agreements to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids . ( HM Government, 2004 ) The ECM states all bureaus are required to hold: Senior direction committedness to the importance of safeguarding and advancing kids s public assistance A clear statement of the bureau s duties towards kids, available for al staff Safe enlisting processs in topographic point Effective inter-agency working to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids Effective information sharing ( ECM, 2008 ) The principle for the CAF is to assist practicians develop a shared apprehension of kids, which avoids households reiterating themselves to all other bureaus. The CAF helps to develop a common apprehensions of what needs to be done and how. Do non reevaluate when the information is already there ( Parents in audience about appraisal, in Scots Executive, 2005b, p. 23 ) The statement is simple and on the surface persuasive, the drift based on assisting single kids. But the relationship between appraisal processs, their intent and their results is seldom straightforward ( Jones, 2004 ) . Assessment is a womb-to-tomb procedure with societal effects and may be influenced by contextual factors and professional value places. It is literally a point at which certain kids are judged to be different ( Tomlinson, 1982, p. 82 ) . Some parents and kids s positions of their services have highlighted their wanting a coordinated service that is delivered through a individual point of contact, a key worker , named individual or link worker ( Sloper, 2004, p. 572 ) . Within the CAF, a similar function was produced, the lead professional ( LP ) who takes duty for organizing the action identified as a consequence of the CAF procedure and will back up the kid and their household as necessary. One of the dashing facets of the CAF is the figure of professionals that practicians will prosecute with, such as wellness, instruction, societal services and voluntary bureaus. It can be besides rather dashing in happening out who the support services are and their contact inside informations. However, with the CAF procedure it can be off of get the better ofing tenseness antecedently encountered around multi bureau working and sharing information. Just as kids and their households have a part to do to determine the services they receive through the assorted signifiers of partnership discussed in old chapters, so they can lend to the development of pattern and practicians. This can go on at many degrees through rating, feedback, audience and research, every bit good as direct engagement in preparation. Practitioners and the administrations they work for demand to recognize that kids and their households have specific cognition that can non be learnt from anyplace else . ( Rixon, 2008 ) Children are party to the subculture of childhood which gives them a alone insider position that is critical to our apprehension of kids s universes . ( Kellett, 2005, p. 4 ) Like many who on a regular basis consult kids and immature people, we find that their positions are ever serious, concise, thoughtful and extremely relevant and cut through the preexistent dockets and diplomatic turning awaies that beset many audiences with professional grownups. We find that even really immature kids are more than able to analyze and give clear positions on many issues within their experience . ( Morgan, 2005, pp. 181-182 ) How is the success of more incorporate ways of working to be judged? One component of rating might be to see to what extent incorporate squads or new enterprises or constructions have overcome obstructions and enabled more positive ways of working . ( Stone and Rixon, 2008 ) As we have discussed, authorities policy and the literature on kids s services all emphasise the importance of bureaus working together and the value of partnership constructions, yet: Despite such exhortations, there appears to be a famine of grounds to back up the impression that multi-agency working in pattern brings about existent benefits for kids and households. ( Townsley et al. , 2004, p. 6 ) However, Michelle Warren quotes According to Consultancy 4Children ( Policy into pattern, 4Children, 2009 ) consistent grounds indicates that parents and kids are best served if the support on offer is joined up and good coordinated . It would be appropriate to recognize that although services may be provided in one scene, there is still a hazard of services non being joined up, because of different bureaus ( and viing interests/perspectives ) involved. ( Warren, 2010 ) However, Howell states Previously we really made it improbably hard by doing kids and parents and carers make their ain manner through the services all being assessed rather individually and acquiring really assorted messages. So multi-agency working is indispensable where a kid needs it. We must nt acquire baffled and believe multi-agency working has got to be the lone manner of working. In some instances it s really the school that will do the difference and that s the bureau where the huge bulk of kids will accomplish the best results . ( Howell, 2008 ) However, Townsley highlights the existent benefits for households and kids. Howell provinces There are tensenesss between bureaus, some of them driven by the different get downing point that different bureaus have. So the nature of the marks that bureaus are measured by are really rather different. The wellness marks that wellness services are measured by are significantly different from the sort of marks that schools work to and peculiarly are rather distant from the results of Every Child Matters . ( Howell, 2008 ) As with any Multi bureau working, it is important to measure whether any new undertakings or enterprises have been set marks against standards that can be measured. This is peculiarly a contemplation for grounds based intercessions which have been associated with issues, such as value for money. In relation to this, many have marks which have been set and necessarily raise inquiries whether it is the right one to be assigned with a peculiar mark. Practitioners recognise that marks can enable lucidity and equity, and concentrate attending on of import countries of pattern ( Banks, 2004 ) . However, Townsley et Al. ( 2004 ) states review a figure of surveies that reveal small grounds of improved results of multi-agency working across a scope of services and scenes. Their reappraisal besides makes clear that the undertaking of rating itself is a complex 1. Built-in jobs include: troubles in generalizing from single instance surveies ; diverse positions of different stakeholders as to what counts as success ; the length of clip needed to measure alteration ; and causality and ascription . ( Glendinning, 2002, cited in Townsley, 2004, p. 6 ) Consequently, Howell states Children s engagement and battle is cardinal to the redesign of services peculiarly with a multi-agency position. It s portion of the larning about what makes a difference the whole issue around personalisation puts the client, the individual having the services, as the co-designer of their solutions . ( Howell, 2008 ) To reason, A formative attack to rating that encourages duologue and on-going betterments to both policy and pattern would look to offer a positive manner frontward. However, this is non without its challenges and there are still issues to be addressed, non least preparation and elucidation of functions and duties. It is up to single practicians to advance an inclusive attack to professional difference and to develop a scope of different theoretical accounts enabling coaction, regard, reciprocality, pragmatism and risk-taking. ( Leverett and Jones, 2008 )