Sentencing Models and The Correctional System Essay

How have sentencing models impacted corrections? Be sure to address the four types of sentencing models and the issues surrounding them (equity, truth-in-sentencing and proportionality). Sentencing models are plans or strategies developed for imposing punishment for crimes committed. During the 19th century these punishments were normally probation, fines and flat sentences. When someone was given a flat sentence, he or she had to serve the entire sentence without parole or early release. However, by the end of the 19th century the new models were developed. These new models include indeterminate, determinate, advisory/voluntary guidelines, presumptive and mandatory minimum sentencing (Schmalleger Smykla, 2011). Indeterminate†¦show more content†¦Even though the criminal justice system has guidelines to following when sentencing criminals, there are still sentencing issues. In other words, to make the sentencing more fair and equal, several issues have been addressed. These issues are proportionality, equity, social debt and truth in sentencing. Proportionality is a standard that deals with the punishment fitting the crime. The equity principle deals with ensuring that punishment for one crime is the same as punishment for a similar crime. Social debt is the next sentencing principle. With social debt, the judge reviews past behavior or criminal records in order to impose a fair sentence. Finally, the truth in sentencing ensures that inmates are not released from prison without serving the majority of his or her sentence. In other words, credit for good behavior or educational programs would not allow the inmate to be released if he or she only served a small portion of the sentence (Schmalleger Smykla, 2011). Additionally, these sentencing models have contributed to overcrowding in prisons and maximized case loads for community corrections as a result of diversion tactics and increased use of probation. The mandatory minimum sentencing was developed in an effort to make the criminals who committed the crime pay for what he or she did as well as deter other individuals from committing crimes. Though the goal of sentencing models wasShow MoreRelatedCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pages24 November 2014 Corrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional who can provide trainingRead MoreThe philosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation1100 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitator of the net-widening scheme that addresses governments’ main concerns of correctional facility overcrowding and high expenditures. The offender andRead MoreJails and Prisons Comparison Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagessome similar characteristics but are completely different models in which they serve in the criminal justice system. Some of the types of crimes that America faces today are: violent crimes, property, white collar or organized crime, and public order crimes (Worrall, 2008). The criminal justice system sets the regulations and policies of how an offender will be held accountable for their inappropriate actions. The criminal justice system is a process that takes time and money from society. The followingRead MoreLiterature Review On Recidivism854 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Correctional Treatment: An Effective Model for Change This particular study uses the therapeutic community theory model (TC) of treatment to reduce recidivism. The journal article discusses the development and the history of (TC). Furthermore, it uses the TC) model in the Oregon prison correctional system to validate this particular method of treatment. The purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to show that an effective drug treatment program in the criminal justiceRead MoreHow Crime Affects The Community1536 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant for communities to use this model of prevention to reduce crime to relieve themselves from the issues involved. Another way communities have a responsibility to assist in crime prevention is because state prison facilities house just under 50% of all inmates in the correctional system. Federal prisons make up a smaller population of correctional facilities and also house the majority population of drug offenders and victims of Mandatory Minimum Sentencing as a result of the War on Drugs. TheRead MoreSentencing Paper Individual1170 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sentencing Paper Toska Reed Introduction of Corrections/CJA234 February 02, 2015 University of Phoenix Online Professor John Eckert Sentencing Paper In this paper will describe how the system analyzes the principal objectives of punishment within the United States correctional system. It will also describe how the state and federal systems goals of punishment. How does sentencing affect the state and federal corrections systems overall and I will explain and support my answer? AlsoRead MorePrivatization of American Prisons1661 Words   |  7 Pagesone, there is little evidence to support the notion that it is more cost effective. Another is that the ethical issues are being taken to the extreme. The privatization of prisons is in no manner a solution to any problems that the criminal justice system is facing, and government should not delegate coercive authority to private entities. History of Prison Privatization: In the United States of America, prison privatization began to increase in popularity around the late 19th century. There areRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The Correctional System910 Words   |  4 PagesThe correctional system in America is an umbrella term referring to a range of mandates that entails the management, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. These mandates are often carried out through incarceration, probation, or parole, while prisons are the most popular correctional agency in America. Prisons in America were among some of the first public buildings established in the New World. Early prisons were not considered â€Å"houses of punishment,† but were rather referred toRead MoreProcess of the Criminal Justice System and Its Structure924 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of the Criminal Justice system and its structure The process of the Criminal Justice system works around flexibility and compassion to the individual attempting, far more than it used to, to refrain from formulating biased and impulsive judgment. All situations of the individuals case and background are taken into consideration and various programs exist to afford the individual the opportunity of reforming rather than being punished. Similarly, too, the more serious the crime, theRead MoreCommunity Corrections1082 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity corrections models in the United States. In the first model, integrated community corrections programs combine sentencing guidelines and judicial discretion (front-end) with a variety of alternative sanctions and parole and probation options. In the second model, some states have instituted programs in which correctional officials may direct already sentenced offenders into alternative sanction programs and parole and probation options (back-end). Both models are designed to help reduce

Essay on Islam in the American Soil - 542 Words

Islam in America The mention of the word Islam in the American soils evokes mixed reactions, especially after the September 11 attacks that left the American security agencies at the edge of confusion. Islam is equated to terrorism by most none Islam Americans. This is the general notion that was left in the minds of many westerners. Though not all Muslims who are terrorists, the people who are normally perpetuating in terrorist’s attacks purport to profess Muslim faith and often they are heard chanting â€Å"Allah Kubar† messages implying God is great after every attack. To the east, where Islam is well rooted, the case is very different in the sense that perpetuators of this act are regarded as heroes who were just conforming to the teachings†¦show more content†¦Quran is believed to have been given to Prophet Mohammed and nobody dares think the implications of the verses there in, but rather applies them at a literal meaning. Some of the aspects that bring a clash include ob session with the dress code and use of community language even on international platforms. Though not directly evident, it is felt that this kind of conservatism is an implication that irrespective of the country where Muslim find themselves, their loyalty is subscribed to ummah as demanded by the Quran. This is even why a staunch Muslim prays wherever he is facing Mecca. This is interpreted as total allegiance to ummah. Since time immemorial, incompatible values and interests between America and Islam make the two parties to continue pursuing struggle for power and world control. The introduction of the new world order was a big defeat for Islam and this is the main reason why America and the entire west is an enemy to the Islam faith. Islam condones democracy and rather advocate for application of Sharia Law in governance of the subjects found within the jurisdiction where this is found. There are no checks and balances to such a system. In conclusion, the Islam and America have a long history and there seems to be no way the ideologies from both sides will converge. This is because the two parties are interested on the same thing which cannot be splitShow MoreRelatedThe Horror Of 9 / 11883 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative taste for Islam followers, Muslims. Muslims bear the brunt of social construction because the U.S. continues to identify the Islam religion as a whole verses excepting the different sects. Century after century religions have been made up of sects, have trials and tribulations (some bigger then others), and continue to recruiting but most of all religions have offered culture, belief systems, status, and customs within the religious communities; this is also true for the Islam religion. AsRead MoreEssay On Islamophobia1063 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays, when you hear â€Å"terrorism,† you will most likely hear the word â€Å"Islamic radical Extremists.† The Media has done so well to link the act of terrorisms to the religion of Islam. In return, a new word emerged known as â€Å"Islamophobia.† According to Oxford dictionary, Islamophobia is â€Å"dislike of or prejudice against Islam or Muslims. Islamophobia increases as the media portrays Muslims as terrorists.* Most, if not all, media platforms are controlled by economic and political elites. In other wordsRead MoreThe Horror Of X And 11 : The Black Skin Of The Boston Bombers915 Words   |  4 Pagesskin of the Boston bombers, and the endless horrific news from the Islamic State (IS) continue to regurgitate in the media year after year, month after month, week after week, and night after night leaving a listener with negative feelings toward the Islam religion and its followers, Muslims. Muslims bear the brunt of social construction because the United States continues to identify the Islamic religion as a whole verses excepting the different sects. Century after century religions have containedRead MoreU.S. Diplomatic Mission Attacks in Benghazi and the Aftermath1506 Words   |  7 PagesOn the day of the 11th anniversary of the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, another attack unfolded--this time, on foreign soil, but still very much hitting close to home. Four U.S. citizens--the U.S. ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens; a Foreign Service information management officer, and two other U.S. personnel--died when members of the radical Islamist group called Ansar al-Sharia, one of many extremist Salafi groups, clashed with security forces in Benghazi after protestingRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Islam Phobia1223 Words   |  5 PagesMilliner EES21QH03 06/01/17 Islam Phobia â€Å"Allah ‘Akbar† is a phrase in the Arabic language of Islam religion, translating to say, â€Å"Allah is great†, and a phrase a terrorist would supposedly use before a wide-spread explosive attack seriously injuring or bringing fatality. This phrase is used commonly, for a punch line in a joke, where a Muslim with characteristics of the Islamic religion, (like their attire, or race) is humorously labeled as a terrorist. Many Americans are unaware of the originRead MoreI Know That More Deaths Occurred On 9 / 111067 Words   |  5 PagesFrancisco, California. The four flights were all taken between 8:00-9:00 AM. The first flight that took off, American Airlines Flight 11 deported from Boston s Logan Airport. It was heading to Los Angeles, California. The second flight, United Airlines Flight 175. It was also from Boston s Logan Airport. This same flight also had Los Angeles, California as its destination. The fourth flight, American Airlines Flight 77 departed from Dulles International Airport in Virginia was also heading to Los AngelesRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1545 Words   |  7 Pageshas seen in recent history. Consisting of Sunni Arabs they primarily operate out of the middle east and some parts of southeast Asia, however according to many terror experts they are a real threat to carry-out an attack against the U.S. on our own soil. Earlier this year an Ohio man was arrested who allegedly planned to bomb the U.S. capital in the name of ISIS. This radical Islamist group is growing each day and getting stronger, and poses a real threat to carry out a large scale terrorist attackRead MoreOsama Bin Laden and Al Qeada Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal mastermind Osama bin Laden. Rich with his family’s money â€Å"the base† was filled with recruits to form an Islamic army for a holy war and emotional movement known as jihad. â€Å"We should train these young men and equip them to be ready to uphold Islam and defend Muslims in any part of the world.† (Mockaitis, 2010). These men were the warriors of al-Qaeda, they were obedient and obeyed instructions without question; a benefit bin Laden would later use to terrorize multiple countries. Al-QaedaRead MoreThe Attack Of The Muslim Americans988 Words   |  4 Pageshopelessly tried to convince the Muslim American community that recent criticism towards them would stop. Throughout the speech, Obama tried to make the Muslim Americans feel as they were a part of America. In addition, he sent a message to America about the Muslim Americans. These Muslim Americans that Obama addressed are regular Americans striving for a great life. To prove that Muslim Americans are regular Americans, Obama discussed religious ties between Islam and Christianity and brought up theRead MoreThe Tensions Between Copts an d Muslims in Egypt 782 Words   |  4 Pagesup charging seven Coptic Christians living in the United States for insulting Islam and harming national unity, which is more symbolic than literal, for the fact that all seven live outside Egypt. The tensions between Copts and Muslims in Egypt have risen recently due to the release of the low-budget film. As protests continued to erupt across the Muslim world, many Libyans condemned the attacks that happened on their soil and came together in a demonstration to show the United States that the attack

Model Tax Convention on Income Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Is there any tax liability for the Conversion gain for the exchange of land with 8 units for the joint venter in which the market price is approximately RM 2.6 million and the cost of the land is approximately RM 600,000? 2.If a is taxable what is the Cost of land because the Purchase price is unknown, could we use the amount shown in the valuers report. 3.If the land owner disposed of the land any tax liabity will be incurred. 4.Discuss Stamp Duty and real property during transfer, disposal and Acquisition of property. 5.What tax is set for capital gains from Real Estate Sales? Answers: 1.Imposition of capital conversion gains In the case of resident, capital conversion gains are treated as ordinary business income and taxed at standard corporate tax rates. In the case of non-resident companies, capital gains of Malaysian origin are taxed at 11% of turnover or 22% of profits, from the lower value (Cameron, Manning, 2012). Deductions and tax credits A deduction on dividends received is applied to dividends transferred between resident companies. There are numerous tax incentives for qualified activities that comply with the tax incentive legislation, including investments, R D and high technology companies with foreign capital. Other corporate taxes A capital registration tax of 0.48% (or 1.44% in the Malaysian metropolitan area) is collected. A tax is levied on real estate from 0.24% to 0.6% on land and buildings.In this case Mr. Lau and Mr. Yong will be taxed at corporation tax on the a third land that they own. The purchase cost of year 2003, at RM 210,000 will be will be liable for taxation. On the other hand, the late Mr. Ngu who is deceased will have his estate not liable for taxation as the value of the land is not known and the person is deceased (Development land tax, 2007). 2.After the valuation of the land at initial cost, the land is RM 600,000. This is taxable initially. After the joint venture taxation is made differently where the joint ventures are taxed individually depending on their joint venture agreement. Mr. Lau and Mr. Yong will both be taxed a third of their income from the units they have made. As per the agreement, Mr.Ngu estate will go to the nest of keen probably his wife and will be taxed on income received from his part of the income from the 26 housing units. After conversion of the land, the tax liability can be based on the value determined by the values (Spencer, 2016). 3.This year, a new system of calculating the territorial tax was also introduced, although always maintaining the two essential variables: the value of the land and the estimate of the price of construction. Up to the hour houses and commercial establishments received similar treatment. After disposal, you will know the new values. In The year of disposal the property valuation - factor that weighs on the contributions. In his view, the value of land in the capital has increased by an average of 25%. "But one thing is the revaluation and the other contributions: many properties will not change, because they are new constructions (Engdahl, 2011). Taxing liability: From the following taxing year (usually the same as the calendar year, so from January 1st) after the trading has taken place. Cadastral liability: From the following property tax census after the date of the request, regardless of when the transfer took place. Deadline to resolve the request: 6 months Outcome in case of expired deadline: rejection of the requestIt is considered a real estate all floor, local, parking space, storage room, etc.. What changes were approved in the payment of VAT on housing? No state subsidized housing will have VAT. The subsidy is maintained at 85% of the lowest priced homes sold. 4.The stamp and stamp tax paid on mortgage lending operations will maintain its rate of 0.2% for all DFL 2 home sales. In the case of real estate other than, the tax increases from 0,4% to 0,8% of the value of the sale. The double increase in stamp and stamp tax rates will not apply in the case of property loans for the acquisition of housing. In other words, the rate of 0.2% that affects them is maintained in those cases. When the person owns a property and acquires another, he will pay VAT for the second purchase only if he is engaged in the real estate business. During acquisition the stamp duty is transferred to the acquirer of the value at the original or initial cost of the property (M cNaught, 2007). 5.Real estate acquired after 2004 will generate, as from January 1, 2017, the payment of taxes only if the taxpayer has a gain throughout his life, regardless of the number of properties he sells. This means that the difference between the values at which you purchased the property (s) and the value at which the property (s) sold must be greater than. Since the year 2016, the usual sale of real estate, except land, is subject to VAT (Real Property Gains Tax Act, n.d.). This rule applies in principle to those who engage in the business of selling real estate. However, it should be kept in mind that the modifications include a presumption of habitually in cases where the sale takes place before the year of having acquired or finished building a property. Tax consequence of disposal of a deceased property On the subject of death there have been many opinions in the world and in history, it is a matter of inspiration not only for poets and writers but also for film directors who deal with it. Death in many cases allows families to join or also to separate, can give rise to mixed feelings. In short, the death of a person entails a series of consequences and situations that are worth writing a treaty about it. Parts of these consequences are those of a legal nature, which include those of a tax nature (Model tax convention on income and on capital, n.d.). For this reason if property implies the only effective stimulus to drive work, to make that stimulus infinite, hereditary property was instituted. References Cameron, D., Manning, E. (2012).Federal taxation of property transactions(1st ed.). New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis. Development land tax. (2007) (1st ed.). Cambridge [England]. Engdahl, S. (2011).Taxation. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. McNaught, J. (2007).ABA property tax deskbook. Washington, DC: American Bar Association, Section of Taxation. Model tax convention on income and on capital(1st ed.). Real Property Gains Tax Act(1st ed.). Spencer, P. (2016).Property tax planning. [Place of publication not identified]: Bloomsbury Professional.

There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays Essay Example

There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays Essay The local authorization and authorities bureaus have been working together for a long clip and non wholly new pattern. Jones and Leverett quote However, the thrust towards integrated working which includes the full kids s work force ( that is, every person who works, on an employed or voluntary footing, with kids and their households across sectors such as wellness, instruction, early old ages and child care, drama work, societal attention, constabulary, young person support and leisure services ) under the interagency umbrella is a more recent and ambitious invention ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 123 ) Multi-agency working can be analysed utilizing three primary policy contexts. First, the context of influence, where policy discourses are constructed and cardinal policy constructs for illustration, partnership or multi-agency working are established. Second, the context of policy text production, or the paperss that represent policy ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 125 ) . These are normally expressed in linguistic communication which claims to be sensible and for the general public good ( Bowe et al. , 1992 ) . They include texts such as the SEN Code of Practice ( DfES, 2001 ) or the new Working Together to Safeguard Children guidelines ( HM Government, 2010 ) . Such texts are so responded to within the context of pattern, or what really happens on the land for illustration, schools, child care or wellness scenes as a consequence of a peculiar policy . ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 125 ) We will write a custom essay sample on There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on There Appears Multi agency working can be analysed Social Work Essays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jones ( 2000 ) added a 6th context, the context of concealed values . This means positive consequence results on policy ; such as, statute law that promotes interagency cooperation in kids s services. They aim to protect kids s public assistance and better well-being. However, Jones suggests that there may be a scope of concealed significances and results. At a cardinal degree, policy can be smartly constructed to mask a peculiar set of purposes, values and beliefs. Intentionally or otherwise, policy may be a wolf in sheep s vesture ( Jones, 2000 ) There is besides grounds that practicians construct their ain significances related to policy, whether these are intended or non. Commenting on the inclination of policy shapers to centrally design signifiers, e-templates and appraisal tools . ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) Both, Garrett ( 2006 ) and Axford et Al. ( 2006 ) note how these are sometimes resisted by practicians because they are perceived as exercising cardinal control over hitherto reasonably independent countries and suspected of being a cost-cutting device ( Axford et al. , 2006, p. 172 ) . Consequently, policy could really prolong or make fortunes that maintain or exacerbate jobs. Rather than being a solution to the perceived job, the interaction between policy and pattern may do a new set of jobs. ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) The cardinal point is that policy is at three degrees local, front line and cardinal. At cardinal degree the thoughts are made concrete and so articulated nationally and locally. At the clip the policy enters the work force such as schools, practicians perceptual experiences can accordingly be affected. The inquiry is: to what extent is the vision enshrined in cardinal policy on multi-agency working likely to alter as it travels on its journey from cardinal authorities to individual practician? ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) Governments have a inclination to build their vision for policy as a statement of purposes or intended results. Sometimes the vision is embedded within a wider model ; for illustration, authoritiess in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) In England, kids s well-being was defined as the five reciprocally reenforcing results originally presented in the Every Child Matters Green Paper ( DfES, 2003, p. 6 ) : SHEEP is an acronym that stands for: S Stay safe H Healthy E Enjoy and accomplish E Economic well-being P Positive part The following stairss is to interpret these visions into larning which can be implemented into pattern by people working in such sectors. The five results were integrated into the development of the common nucleus accomplishments and cognition for the kids s work force ( DfES, 2005 ) dwelling of: Effective communicating and battle with kids, immature people and households Child and immature individual development Safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of the kid Supporting passages Multi-agency working Sharing information . ( DfES, 2005 ) Despite fluctuations, the UK authorities agreed that all kids will profit from closer working between practicians and bureaus. The Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) is a cardinal portion of presenting frontline services that are integrated and focused around the demands of kids and immature people. The CAF will advance more effectual, earlier designation of extra demands, peculiarly in cosmopolitan services. It is intended to supply a simple procedure for a holistic appraisal of a kid s demands and strengths, taking history of the function of parents, carers and environmental factors on their development ( ECM, 2008 ) . The CAF signifier is designed to record and, where appropriate, portion with others, appraisals, programs and recommendations for support. Section 11 of the Children Act 2004 places a statutory responsibility on cardinal people and organic structures to do agreements to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids . ( HM Government, 2004 ) The ECM states all bureaus are required to hold: Senior direction committedness to the importance of safeguarding and advancing kids s public assistance A clear statement of the bureau s duties towards kids, available for al staff Safe enlisting processs in topographic point Effective inter-agency working to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids Effective information sharing ( ECM, 2008 ) The principle for the CAF is to assist practicians develop a shared apprehension of kids, which avoids households reiterating themselves to all other bureaus. The CAF helps to develop a common apprehensions of what needs to be done and how. Do non reevaluate when the information is already there ( Parents in audience about appraisal, in Scots Executive, 2005b, p. 23 ) The statement is simple and on the surface persuasive, the drift based on assisting single kids. But the relationship between appraisal processs, their intent and their results is seldom straightforward ( Jones, 2004 ) . Assessment is a womb-to-tomb procedure with societal effects and may be influenced by contextual factors and professional value places. It is literally a point at which certain kids are judged to be different ( Tomlinson, 1982, p. 82 ) . Some parents and kids s positions of their services have highlighted their wanting a coordinated service that is delivered through a individual point of contact, a key worker , named individual or link worker ( Sloper, 2004, p. 572 ) . Within the CAF, a similar function was produced, the lead professional ( LP ) who takes duty for organizing the action identified as a consequence of the CAF procedure and will back up the kid and their household as necessary. One of the dashing facets of the CAF is the figure of professionals that practicians will prosecute with, such as wellness, instruction, societal services and voluntary bureaus. It can be besides rather dashing in happening out who the support services are and their contact inside informations. However, with the CAF procedure it can be off of get the better ofing tenseness antecedently encountered around multi bureau working and sharing information. Just as kids and their households have a part to do to determine the services they receive through the assorted signifiers of partnership discussed in old chapters, so they can lend to the development of pattern and practicians. This can go on at many degrees through rating, feedback, audience and research, every bit good as direct engagement in preparation. Practitioners and the administrations they work for demand to recognize that kids and their households have specific cognition that can non be learnt from anyplace else . ( Rixon, 2008 ) Children are party to the subculture of childhood which gives them a alone insider position that is critical to our apprehension of kids s universes . ( Kellett, 2005, p. 4 ) Like many who on a regular basis consult kids and immature people, we find that their positions are ever serious, concise, thoughtful and extremely relevant and cut through the preexistent dockets and diplomatic turning awaies that beset many audiences with professional grownups. We find that even really immature kids are more than able to analyze and give clear positions on many issues within their experience . ( Morgan, 2005, pp. 181-182 ) How is the success of more incorporate ways of working to be judged? One component of rating might be to see to what extent incorporate squads or new enterprises or constructions have overcome obstructions and enabled more positive ways of working . ( Stone and Rixon, 2008 ) As we have discussed, authorities policy and the literature on kids s services all emphasise the importance of bureaus working together and the value of partnership constructions, yet: Despite such exhortations, there appears to be a famine of grounds to back up the impression that multi-agency working in pattern brings about existent benefits for kids and households. ( Townsley et al. , 2004, p. 6 ) However, Michelle Warren quotes According to Consultancy 4Children ( Policy into pattern, 4Children, 2009 ) consistent grounds indicates that parents and kids are best served if the support on offer is joined up and good coordinated . It would be appropriate to recognize that although services may be provided in one scene, there is still a hazard of services non being joined up, because of different bureaus ( and viing interests/perspectives ) involved. ( Warren, 2010 ) However, Howell states Previously we really made it improbably hard by doing kids and parents and carers make their ain manner through the services all being assessed rather individually and acquiring really assorted messages. So multi-agency working is indispensable where a kid needs it. We must nt acquire baffled and believe multi-agency working has got to be the lone manner of working. In some instances it s really the school that will do the difference and that s the bureau where the huge bulk of kids will accomplish the best results . ( Howell, 2008 ) However, Townsley highlights the existent benefits for households and kids. Howell provinces There are tensenesss between bureaus, some of them driven by the different get downing point that different bureaus have. So the nature of the marks that bureaus are measured by are really rather different. The wellness marks that wellness services are measured by are significantly different from the sort of marks that schools work to and peculiarly are rather distant from the results of Every Child Matters . ( Howell, 2008 ) As with any Multi bureau working, it is important to measure whether any new undertakings or enterprises have been set marks against standards that can be measured. This is peculiarly a contemplation for grounds based intercessions which have been associated with issues, such as value for money. In relation to this, many have marks which have been set and necessarily raise inquiries whether it is the right one to be assigned with a peculiar mark. Practitioners recognise that marks can enable lucidity and equity, and concentrate attending on of import countries of pattern ( Banks, 2004 ) . However, Townsley et Al. ( 2004 ) states review a figure of surveies that reveal small grounds of improved results of multi-agency working across a scope of services and scenes. Their reappraisal besides makes clear that the undertaking of rating itself is a complex 1. Built-in jobs include: troubles in generalizing from single instance surveies ; diverse positions of different stakeholders as to what counts as success ; the length of clip needed to measure alteration ; and causality and ascription . ( Glendinning, 2002, cited in Townsley, 2004, p. 6 ) Consequently, Howell states Children s engagement and battle is cardinal to the redesign of services peculiarly with a multi-agency position. It s portion of the larning about what makes a difference the whole issue around personalisation puts the client, the individual having the services, as the co-designer of their solutions . ( Howell, 2008 ) To reason, A formative attack to rating that encourages duologue and on-going betterments to both policy and pattern would look to offer a positive manner frontward. However, this is non without its challenges and there are still issues to be addressed, non least preparation and elucidation of functions and duties. It is up to single practicians to advance an inclusive attack to professional difference and to develop a scope of different theoretical accounts enabling coaction, regard, reciprocality, pragmatism and risk-taking. ( Leverett and Jones, 2008 )

Juvenile Court Essays

Juvenile Court Essays Juvenile Court Essay Juvenile Court Essay Juvenile files are confidential because there are state laws in every state that mandates that juvenile files are confidential. For  a juvenile to have there file  sealed they have to request it from the court. Most get probation with circumstances like community service, counseling or drug treatment. We have to look at juveniles differently than we do adults because of their developmental progress. Every juvenile officer who goes through training becomes knowledgeable about the juvenile  developmental process.Research of court procedures in the state of Nevada for juveniles offenders who have not yet reached 18 years of age typically enter the juvenile justice system rather than the adult criminal justice system. While many of the crimes committed may be the same, juvenile offenders are subject to different laws and procedures than adults who have been charged with crimes. The juvenile is arrested by police and booked just like adults would be, with the difference that then th e child is given to the parents following a court proceeding.A number of activities are considered offenses when committed by juveniles, because of the their age at the time of the activity. These are called status offenses. Examples of status offenses include: 1. Truancy 2. Possession and consumption of alcohol 3. Curfew violations, and 4. Purchase of cigarettes. Nevada strictly enforces minor in possession (MIP) laws and prosecute minors to the fullest extent of the law. In Nevada alcohol, drugs, and tobacco are very accessible to minors due to the exposure to the nightlife.In other states, however, a minor in a MIP case may be able to receive probation by entering a courts of law violations include stealing money or a car, or hitting or threatening someone. Status OffenseBecause of their juvenile status, children are subject to special rules.Children can be charged with status offenses if they do the following without expressed consent from their guardian: 5. Cut class. 6. Stay o ut after curfew hours. 7. Run away from home. 8. Disobey their parents. courts. state. hi. us/self-help/juvenile/juvenile_proceedings. htmlAs far as Hawaii goes, again the state is very lenient when it comes to the law, due to the aspect of keeping families together more than apart. Take notice that Family Court plays a huge ordeal in the process which I do think is ideal, due to the fact the child is under 18.Although I do believe if a juvenile keeps re-offending then there needs to be some recourse of consequences, then a simple slap on the hand no longer extend to them. Sometimes it is that tough love that will wake a young juvenile out of their offending coma. Nevertheless I broaden my research and came upon some more insightful information according to Think Before You Plead:Juvenile Collateral Consequences in the State of HawaiiIn the state of Hawaii, the collateral consequences of a juvenile record are limited by Hawaii’s Revised Statutes, which prohibits public acces s of juvenile records, and limits the distribution of such data.Despite this limitation, there are exceptions to the general rule that often impacts a juvenile’s future. Collateral consequences frequently stem from access to juvenile records, and can influence education, careers, and public service. ;gt;Currently, there is no database or statutory collection that informs juveniles of the collateral consequences that may stem from a juvenile adjudication. Additionally, in the state of Hawaii, many policies regarding the Juvenile Aid Section of the police department and juvenile arrests are not specified in the statute. gt;Because juvenile records are considered confidential in Hawaii,there is no statutory obligation or even policy to notify youth of any opportunity to expunge records. Attorneys may file a motion for expungement,but such motion is rare because juvenile files are not accessible to the public absent a court order. An attorney can make a motion to have the record expunged when a juvenile is not formally charged or adjudicated, but even then, the attorney is not required to do so.Although a juvenile may benefit from having a record expunged, not even the family court judge has an obligation to inform a juvenile of these rights. ;gt;Despite records being confidential, many agencies have statutory authority to access the Juvenile Justice Information System (JJIS), which stores all juvenile arrest and court data. The statute permitting access includes, but is not limited to, county police departments, county prosecutors, family courts, youth correctional facilities, social service agencies, as well as agencies conducting research. ttp://www. beforeyouplea. com/hi As far as my thoughts on the effectiveness of this type of system I am all for it in regards to ensure the juvenile rights are protected and not violated, but at the same time they are held accountable to their actions. I thinks I would like to see more proactive recourse in the communi ty and environment with young offenders than the typical classes or certain limited hours of community service. Well stated post Frank! Interesting information about Californias juvenile justice systems procedures.I was interested in the types of hearing that you have in California. I have never heard of a fitness hearing and a personality hearing. Here in Missouri we have about the same procedures as California besides those hearing that you mentioned. We have an adjudication and disposition hearing when a juvenile petition or motion has been filed. The juvenile officer acts as the prosecutor in many of the areas in Missouri. I determine whether to file on a juvenile or handle the case informally.I do all of the filing and court work. Once in court I make recommendations to the Judge on the disposition of the case. | | | | It does depend on the offense that the juvenile committed on determining whether he or she is detained. The growing importance in juvenile courts is accountabili ty. Juvenile accountability requires that the juvenile court system respond to illegal behavior in such a way that the offender is made aware of and responsible for the damage perpetrated upon the victim. | | | | | | | |

Charlottes Web Summary

'Charlotte's Web' Summary A masterpiece of American children’s literature, Charlottes Web  is a fable by E.B. White about a runt of a pig named Wilbur, who is loved by a little girl and befriended by a very clever spider named Charlotte. Summary of Charlottes Web Author E.B. White, a humorist and elegant essayist who wrote for the New Yorker and Esquire and edited The Elements of Style, wrote two other classic children’s books, Stuart Little, and The Trumpet of the Swan. But Charlotte’s Web- an adventure story set largely in a barn, a story of friendship, a celebration of farm life, and much more- is arguably his finest work. The story begins with Fern Arable rescuing the runt of a pig’s litter, Wilbur, from certain slaughter. Fern cares for the pig, who beats the odds and survives- which is something a theme for Wilbur. Mr. Arable, fearing his daughter is becoming too attached to an animal that is being bred to be butchered, sends Wilbur to the nearby farm of Fern’s uncle, Mr. Zuckerman. Wilbur settles into his new home. At first, he’s lonely and misses Fern, but he settles in when he meets a spider named Charlotte and other animals, including Templeton, a scavenging rat. When Wilbur discovers his fate- pigs are raised to become bacon- Charlotte hatches a plan to help him. She spins a web over Wilbur’s sty that reads: â€Å"Some Pig.† Mr. Zucker spots her work and thinks it is a miracle. Charlotte keeps spinning her words, deploying Templeton to bring back labels so she can copy words such as â€Å"Terrific† over Wilbur’s pigpen. When Wilbur is taken to the country fair, Charlotte and Templeton go to continue their work, as Charlotte spins new messages. The results draw enormous crowds and Charlotte’s plan to save Wilbur’s life pays off. At the close of the fair, however, Charlotte says goodbye to Wilbur. She is dying. But she entrusts her friend with a sack of eggs she has spun. Heartbroken, Wilbur takes the eggs back to the farm and sees that they hatch. Three of Charlotte’s â€Å"kids† stay with Wilbur, who lives happily with Charlotte’s descendants.   Charlotte’s Web was awarded the Massachusetts Childrens Book Award (1984), Newbery Honor Book (1953), Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal (1970), and Horn Book Fanfare.

Journal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Journal paper - Essay Example There is, therefore, need to find a viable and cheaper means to handle the illness. The implication of this research is that cinnamon could be used alongside other forms of treatments to regulate blood pressure and blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients. This experiment was conducted according to proper scientific method. First, it has a hypothesis to be tested (Kumar, 2005). The experiment aims to prove that cinnamon may be used to lower blood pressure and glucose in type 2 diabetes patients. Secondly, the experiment uses scientific methods of collecting data. These are sampling, observation, description and the use of measurements (Kumar, 2005). It has a sample of 58 respondents on an intake 2g of cinnamon every day for 12 weeks. An observation is made at the end of the 12 weeks. However, additional research is needed to establish the efficacy of cinnamon in lowering blood pressure and blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients. Further experiments are needed to establish the compatibility of cinnamon with other dietary options for managing diabetes. Therefore, further experiments need to administer cinnamon alongside other dietary options. Nevertheless, this research is useful in the management of type 2

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Final - Essay Example To begin with, The Caddo lived in the Eastern Texas region while the Apache resided in the Great Plains. While the Caddo mainly occupied areas that had plenty of rainfall, the Apache mainly lived in dry areas. The Caddo lived in wooden houses that they built from trees found in nearby forests. The Apache, on the other hand, had no permanent homes and were nomadic in nature. Finally, whereas the Caddo were reliant on farming for their food, the Apache relied heavily on hunting, especially buffalo and deer for their food (Bowen 32). 2. Identify and discuss the responsibilities and authority of an empresario Emperesario, Spanish for entrepreneur, were contractors who were empowered, by the Texan government, to recruit particular family numbers to their territory (Weaver 18). Citizens from Mexico were mostly preferred as empresarios, although most of them were American citizens. These empresarios got land grants to settle colonists that they had recruited. However, they had no ownership of the land. The empresario had the responsibility to survey land, as well as issue title deeds for the lands. Grants to the empresarios extended to the northwest into the Great Plains from the Texan Gulf Coast Plain and across Balcones escarpment. The empresarios accepted to recruit at least 100 families in a span of six years, as well as acting as immigration agents. They were not compensated or paid for their work up front. However, after settling at least one hundred families on the grants given to them and fulfilling their contracts in the process, they got their own land. For every batch of 100 families settled, they were given 22,140 acres pastureland by the state and 885 acres of farmland (Weaver 20). If they were able to settle at least 800 families, they could get compensation, which made them very wealthy. 3. Identify the 3 most outstanding leaders of the Texan forces and Mexican Forces and the 3 least successful leaders One successful leader of the Mexican-American War w as Commodore Matthew C. Perry who was in command of the US Mississippi and the Home Squadron second-in-command. He led expeditions against Laguna, Tabasco, and Frontera that were successful and operated against remnant Mexican, port cities, whereas attacking Tabasco and capturing Tuxpan. General Stephen Kearny was another successful leader who was in command of the Western Army, leading an occupation force against California and New Mexico (Raabe 101). He achieved a bloodless conquest, in August 1846, of New Mexico. Finally, General Andres Pico led an attack on Stephen Kearny’s forces in san Pasqual and dealt Kearny a hard blow. While he was eventually forced back, he was briefly put in charge of Mexican Alta California when the US provisional government was established. One of the least successful leaders in the war was General Mariano Arista who lost numerous battles against General Zachary Taylor and left one of his armies in shambles, ending active field command. Governor Manuel Armijo also made a call to arms that brought untrained soldiers to Santa Fe, whom he sent home after general Kearny prevailed, on him, to give up, retreating to Chihuahua, and leaving General Kearny to take Santa Fe sans a battle (Raabe 103). Finally, General Pedro de Ampudia failed to defend Saltillo after losing the support of the inhabitants and was removed by Santa Anna; this resulted in him becoming an administrator for, the rest of the war. 4. The administration

Dancers, Costumes and Movement Content Essay Example for Free

Dancers, Costumes and Movement Content Essay Costume: The costume throughout Flesh and Blood is a very important attribute to the piece. All seven of the female dancers wear the same costume in each of the five sections therefore this shows that the costume that Lea Anderson chose was relevant to the themes within the piece all the way through. The costumes are of a medieval style, we know this from the design of the dress as they have square necks and tight fitting wrist length sleeves much like the dresses that were worn in that time period. The dresses reach ankle length on each of the dances and have a fitted torso with a dropped v-waist which then falls into a slightly gathered, loose material lower half which flows down from the waist to the ankle. In this piece I believe it is important for the dresses to be fitted on the arms and torso area as these are the main areas of which are used in the contact work such as lifts- and it then makes it easier to perform these moves as dancers can get a better grip on each other. There are also many intricate arm and hand movements where dancers have to intertwine with each other- therefore the tight fitting arms ensure that the moves can be performed with clarity and precision. The material of the dresses is particularly specific to the underlying storyline of Joan of Arc, as it is a metallic and shiny stretchy silver fabric. This infers the idea of the dresses symbolising armour, which is relevant to the battles that Joan of Arc had to fight. The masculine armour like fabric then contrasts against the feminine style of dress, again backing up the important theme of Joan of Arc throughout the piece. The shiny material also shimmers in the light and emphasises movements and enhances angles that the dancers perform, whether they are big or small moves which then makes developing motifs clearer to see. The dancers have bare feet in each section of the dance, I believe this adds a sense of vulnerability to the hard faced characters and shows that no matter how determined Joan of Arc was she, and also the characters within this dance all have a weak spot. The dresses that the dancers wear also have calf length, fitted grey leggings underneath which we see in section two- and also work to highlight and emphasize movement. I also believe it was important for the dancers to wear leggings as section two has a lot of floor  work involved so it is practical to have these underneath the dresses. Make-up and hair are also important aspects of the costume within this piece and they highlight areas of intricate movement. This is shown in the Cathedral in section 2 of the dance where small eye movements upwards, then to the left are used. This move is simple but is an important reoccurring motif which could symbolise looking up to god- and therefore needs to stand out, which is done through the use of dark eye makeup that contrasts against the dancers pale faces. The red lipstick worn throughout shows the dancers are still feminine even though they have to wear a masculine army colour, and have a short style of hair which is what Joan of Arc had to do in order to disguise herself. The red lipstick symbolises danger and passion and also shows that even though they are pretending to be males- they are still strong female characters for sticking up for what they believe in. Dancers: All of the dancers look on average between the ages of 25 to 35 and are all female. I believe this shows a strong sense of unity within the piece to symbolise the fact that they are part of an army and also makes them all equal to each other. This is important as it shows that the piece is thematic- rather than narrative with main characters. Due to the style of the dance, I believe the dancers will of had to have had training in ballet and contemporary and be able to perform in confined spaces such as the black box theatre setting which is used and be adaptable for the site specific places that they had to perform. Another key aspect of the performance is that the dancers are very precise in the unison sections. This is effective as it heightens smaller movements such as the tapping of the feet in the cathedral setting in section 2. A way that the dancers could have done this is through using specific counts in the music and keeping to a rhythm. Due to their being a lot of minimal eye movement in unison within the routine- also shown in the black box studio in section 5 when the dancers look up as if to heaven, it is important that the dancers were aware of their focus points so that their movements were precise and equal to each other, which is something that is important throughout this piece. Movements: Section 1: The movement in section one is very contained and small. It is a duet between two of the dancers and involves using a lot or inticate armwork where they have to weavein and out of each other. This could symbolise that the battle Joan of Arc had to face was a constant struggle. This concept is also shown and the first female dancer in this section looks as though she is being dominated and controlled by the second femal character who is stood behind her throughout- almost overlooking all of her actions and having imput into what she does. This is shown as a movement when dancer two pushes dancer one down to the floor to continue her movements on a lower level. This makes dancer two look more superior and therefore gives off the impression she is symbolic of the males telling Joan of Arc she wasn’t allowed to fight. Section 2: Section two involves all 7 of the female dancers and is set in a black box studio. The floor work in this section such as the repeat motif which is shown also in section five where the dancers lay on their back with their feet flat to the floor and their knees bent on and angle with their arms by their side as they push their legs straight out to move backwards gives off an impression that they are symbolising beetles and other insects. Thesharp and angled movements give off imagery as if they are symbolising being bugs- which links to the heaven and hell paintings by the artist Bosch. Because much of this section is on the floor it is symbolic of Hell being present- and is where most people believed Joan of Arc went after her burning at the stake. The calf length leggings and bare feet that the dancers are wearing can also be seen in this scuttling back movement and highlight the angles of the legs- as is also done with the tight fitting sleeves on the arms. Section 3: This section is set inside of a Cathedral and shows 3 of the dancer standing in the alter and the other 4 laid in the knave. This symbolises the communication that Joan of Arc is said to have had with God who told her to  battle with the men, this is shown through intricate eye movement from the dancers standing in the alter as the first thing they do it look upward to heaven, to the left as if to purgatory and then downwards as if to hell. Use of a head tilt to the right when looking to the left is also used which could symbolise shock in hearing or seeing something. The dancers laid on the floor are symbolic of the dreams that Joan of Arc is said to of had and repeat motifs such as the rolling of the fingers that tap onto the floor suggest that her nightmares and dreams were reoccurring and made her react immediately- even before she woke up and decided that she wanted to go into battle. The dynamics in this section are a lot slower then any other andthe dancers are all individuals which suggests that when Joan of Arc visited the church she was distanced from everyone else and felt more alone and vulnerable. Section 4: Section 4 is set outside of the cathedral and is an adapted version of section 1, as it has 2 unison duets- one further forward than the other. This section is also very contact based and manipulative which gives an indication of the relationship that the dancers have with each other. The ‘crusifix’ arm movement is a repeat motif throughout and is shown is section 2 when the dancers sit up from the floor, as if god is helping them progress and become better people. It is also shown in section 4 when the dancers are lifted by the dominating dancers, and their feet are left loosely flailing beneath them while their arms lower so their palms are flat facing downwards. This motif could symbolise that god is now taking Joan of Arcs soul to Heaven as she is burnt at the stake. The shaking of the feet indicates that many people believed she would go to Hell- which is why the arms are lowered from the crucifix movement as this is less holy and God wouldn’t have wanted tha t for the female who stood up for herself.

Liberal Bias of Journalism Essay -- Media News Bias Journalist Essays

Liberal Bias of Journalism "Dear Ann: I have a problem. I have two brothers. One brother is in television, the other was put to death in the electric chair for murder. My mother died from insanity when I was three years old. My sisters are prostitutes, and my father sells narcotics to high school students. Recently I met a girl who was just released from a reformatory where she served time for smothering her illegitimate child to death, and I want to marry her. My problem is—if I marry this girl, should I tell her about my brother who is in television?† (Goldberg 117) Bernard Goldberg’s book, Bias, reveals the truth of journalism, rather than its art. He pinpoints the inevitability and reasoning behind the majority of the media, the nation’s informant, slanting the news in a liberal direction. Clear examples and statistics highlight the condition; denied by the media moguls, already identified by the country. The problem with the media, as Goldberg points out, is the unintentionally manipulative liberal vernacular employed without fail by the leading news anchors. For instance, â€Å"right-wing† and â€Å"conservative† are commonplace vocabulary for introducing a politician, activist or public figure not liberally aligned. If balanced by labels like â€Å"left-wing† or â€Å"liberal†, this would not be an issue. However, even the far-left figures are viewed and portrayed as â€Å"middle of the road†. CBS News anchor Dan Rather labeled the New York Times editorial page the same way, despite the constant partiality to letters in favor of abortion, strict gun control and affirmative action; all clearly liberal standpoints. In reporting national issues, objectivity should be priority number one for the media. Instead, the stories ... ...y view the world. Given the duration of time over which this has occurred, the lens has morphed into a kaleidoscope, skewing objectivity with deceptive speech. To be fair, if conservatives controlled the networks as the liberals do, a conservative bent would be just as evident. Webster’s denotes what journalism should be: the style of writing characteristic of material in newspapers and magazines, consisting of direct presentation of facts or occurrences with little attempt at analysis or interpretation. The media connotes what journalism is: a presentation of the news, following its passage through a sieve of obstinate and influential liberal viewpoints, and removing the excess pulp of impartiality from the scene. Works Cited Goldberg, Bernard. Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News. Washington D.C.: Regnery Publishing Inc., 2002.

Jose Rizal Essay

Rizal’s visit to the United States (1888) Rizal’s Visit to the United States (1888) Rizal first saw America on April 28, 1888. His arrival in this great country was marred by racial prejudice. He saw the discriminatory treatment of the Chinese and the Negros by the white Americans. Arrival in san francisco Saturday,April 28, 1888- The steamer Belgic docked at San Francisco. American health authorities did not let the passengers to land for one week because of the rumored cholera epidemic. Rizal knew there was no cholera epidemic that time and he protest with other passengers the unjustifiable actions of American authorities He soon discovered that it was motivated by politics and the ship was carrying 643 Chinese coolies. Rizal in san francisco May 4, 1888 – The day he was permitted to go ashore and registered at the Palace Hotel which was then considered a first- class hotel in the city May 4 to 6, 1888 – Rizal stayed in San Francisco. Across the American continent May 6, 1888 – it was Sunday, 4:30 P.M., Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland, nine miles across San Francisco Bay, by ferry boat May 7, 1888 – it was morning, Rizal awoke and had a good breakfast at Reno, Nevada, now glamorized by American high-pressure propaganda as â€Å"The Biggest Little City in the World†. Rizal in New york May 13, 1888 – it was Sunday morning when Rizal reached New York. He stayed three days in this city, which he called the â€Å"big town†. From May 7 to May 13, Rizal wrote in his diary the beautiful memories from Nevada, Chicago until he reached Albany. May 16, 1888 – Rizal left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome. Rizal saw the Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island. Rizal’s impression of america The good impressions were: 1.)The material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, and busy factories. 2.) The drive and the energy of the American people;  3.) The natural beauty of the land 4.)The high standard of living; 5.)The opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants. The bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of racial equality. 1890 – two years after Rizal’s visit to the United States, Jose Alejandro, who was then studying engineering in Belgium, roomed with him. Rizal’s impression of America â€Å"is the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites†.

The Worst Sinner in the Scarlet Letter

The Worst Sinner in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter there are three main sinners presented to the reader. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth are all written with their own forms of sin, and each has a unique coping mechanism for their sins and guilt. Sin, at this time, was a hugely important part of daily life, and punishment for one’s sins was universally seen as not only a positive thing, but a necessary action to keep the people of the colony pure. Both Hester and Dimmesdale receive great punishments for their sin of adultry.However, one character is portrayed as a true sinner, more so than the others. Roger Chillingworth is by far the worst sinner in The Scarlet Letter. This is made apparent by his many attempts to harm Dimmesdale mentally and spiritually, and more importantly his complete lack of remorse for his actions. It is this absence of guilt for his sin that shows that he is a sinner much worse than any other character in the book. Ro ger Chillingworth is Hester Prynne’s husband in the novel, though this is kept secret from the townspeople through the end of the book.He, upon arriving and seeing his wife upon the scaffold, vows to take revenge on the man whom Hester committed her sin. Though he chooses to leave Hester to suffer the punishment given to her, his hatred towards her is never hidden. Chillingworth attaches himself to Dimmesdale upon seeing his grief, in hopes of discovering who the father of Hester’s child is. And once realizing it is Dimmesdale, Chillingworth proceeds to continually torment Dimmesdale as his personal revenge and punishment, to the point of making Dimmesdale ill even further beyond his original grief-stricken depleted health.He does this with no regret or compassion towards the man he torments, nor any recognition for his actions as sinful. As the novel progresses, he takes on an almost evil nature, having no feelings whatsoever save for those of loathing towards Hester and Dimmesdale. Guilt is the thing left completely absent from Roger Chillingworth’s character, and it is this lack that defines him. (â€Å"Summary†) Biblically, guilt is defined in several ways. The Hebrew word asam is used biblically, and means both â€Å"guilt† and â€Å"guilt offering. The Bible says that asam is a part of debt unto one’s neighbor, which can be physical debt or, frequently, sins against others. This asam is a necessary part of sin, and in its absence is sin in itself. This is one of the largest pieces of evidence of Chillingworth’s sin, as he feels no guilt, nor gives any guilt offering unto those whom he has sinned against. Asam is a guilt which we must make amends for, which in Chillingworth’s case, no attempt to do so was made. â€Å"The legislation in Leviticus 5:14-6:7 and Numbers 5:5-10 makes this special quality of asam clear.When someone incurs â€Å"guilt† toward a neighbor, full restitution must be ma de, plus an extra fifth. And then, in addition, a â€Å"guilt offering† must be made to the Lord, because when we sin against others and incur â€Å"indebtedness† to them, we violate the order that God prescribes for his world and his people, and have thus incurred a debt toward him also. † (Motyer) Chillingworth’s sin is also worse than the others’ due simply to the nature of his sins. Adultery is a sin of passion, a lustful passion.Though adultry is one of the biblical Ten Commandments (Bible), in the case of The Scarlet Letter it is a crime committed in a moment, and regretted thereafter by the two involved. Both Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale pay penance for their sin, in each their own form, from the day that it happens. Hester is pained with guilt for months, and once her child is visible she is imprisoned, and later forced to become a symbol of sin to the entire community for years to come, publicly putting her shame on display.Dimmesdal e is plagued by the same guilt as Hester, but because he is not discovered publicly is tormented spiritually and mentally. He begins to physically punish himself, and his regret and guilt weigh so heavily that they make his physically ill for years. Roger Chillingworth’s sin, however, was not in an instant. His was calculated, drawn out, and committed with malice towards both Dimmesdale and Hester for years on end.He tormented Dimmesdale psychologically for years, and drained what little life Dimmesdale had in him out slowly and intentionally. He felt no guilt for these sins, nor was he ever punished for them in life. â€Å"Certainly, if the meteor kindled up the sky, and disclosed the earth, with an awfulness that admonished Hester Prynne and the clergyman of the day of judgment, then might Roger Chillingworth have passed with them for the arch-fiend, standing there, with a smile and scowl, to claim his own.So vivid was the expression, or so intense the minister's perceptio n of it, that it seemed still to remain painted on the darkness, after the meteor had vanished, with an effect as if the street and all things else were at once annihilated† (Hawthorne. Chapter 12. ) This passage shows the reader the malevolent nature that Chillingworth begins to take on in the novel, seeming almost inhuman in his unwavering hatred for Dimmesdale, and the torture he inflicts upon him. Once again his lack of remorse is expressed plainly for the reader.The themes of sin and revenge in The Scarlet Letter are made prominent and clear, as Hawthorne tends to express every theme in the novel. The two are closely tied together in the case of Roger Chillingworth. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne shows that at the time of the novel, sin was an extremely important role in everyday life, especially in a Puritan society such as the one in the novel. Sin is something that everyone believes must be punished, in this life if at all possible, as well as in the next.In the case of old Roger Chillingworth, his sin was not punished in his worldly life, which leads us to believe that divine retribution in the next will be even greater for him than the book’s other sinners. The Black man is used in this book to mean the devil, and it is made clear that doing the bidding of the Black Man, or essentially doing things against God’s bidding, puts a mark on one’s soul that carries into the next life. (â€Å"Sin†) Here is where the concept ties into revenge.This implied mark on the soul is expressed in the theme of revenge in the book. Roger Chillingworth, in his pursuit of revenge on Arthur Dimmesdale, receives a mark on his soul which twists him into a force of evil- a more serious effect than the sins of any other character in the book. Hawthorne expresses here both his own views, as well as the popular view of the time, that a sin committed out of the type of hatred which Chillingworth exhibits, is a tool of the devil, and in itself causes a change in humans into something more sinister.It is this sentiment which is so clearly shown in Chillingworth’s increasingly hideous appearance, and the dehumanization of his character into an instrument solely of spiteful revenge. (â€Å"Revenge†) Throughout The Scarlet Letter, it is made abundantly clear what view the reader is intended to take of Roger Chillingworth. Consumed by his sin, he is permanently altered into an evil spirit for the acts of vengeance he has pursued. This condemnation Hawthorne describes expresses without a doubt to the reader that Chillingworth’s sin is far worse than that of the remorseful and solemn Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale.Who, though sinned greatly and were punished, were in the end favored in the eyes of the Puritan community and quite possibly in the eyes of God as people who knew and repented their sins, and were therefore forgiven. It is clear that Roger Chillingworth is the only character deeply changed en ough for the worse to be considered a sinner of any damning proportion, and is made out to be the worst sinner of any character in The Scarlet Letter. Work Cited: Nathaniel Hawthorne. , and DeMaiolo, James F.The Scarlet Letter. New York: Applause, 1996. Print. Motyer, Stephen. â€Å"Guilt. † BibleStudyTools. com. Salem Communications Corporations, 1997. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. â€Å"The Scarlet Letter Theme of Sin. † Shmoop. Shmoop University, Inc. , 2012. Web. 19 Nov. â€Å"The Scarlet Letter Theme of Revenge. † Shmoop. Shmoop University, Inc. , 2012. Web. 19 Nov. â€Å"The Scarlet Letter Summary. † Shmoop. Shmoop University, Inc. , 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. The Holy Bible. 2nd ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992. Print.

Slant Your Résumé Toward Success

Slant Your Rà ©sumà © Toward Success There is no job harder than selling yourself. Therefore, it is vital to focus the skills and experience on your rà ©sumà ©, so that document will do a good job for you in the marketplace.Rà ©sumà ©s today need a new approach. The level of competition in the job market is intense. Sending a canned rà ©sumà © does not work as well anymore because there is too much information circulating in the Information Age and too many people with excellent credentials chasing the same positions.Writing a good rà ©sumà © can be tough as nails, or it can be an ongoing learning experience. Always remember that a rà ©sumà © is a marketing document. Company recruiters task is to look for what they need, rather than trying to fulfill your personal career ambitions.Also, remember that for most managers, time is an enemy. You must sell yourself not only well, but also quickly. If you can succeed at that twos of good subsections are Professional Qualifications; Technical Skills, Computer Skills; Internships and Seminars, Certifications; Communication Skills, Management Skills, Publication; Teaching Credentials, Research Experience, Consulting Expertise. (The topics here are as broad as your imagination.)Mine your background for the unique details in your life that have prepared you for this positionFinally, mine your background for the professional skills and experiences that are hidden or forgotten or not presented fully on your rà ©sumà ©. Such skills can be volunteer work where you managed people or handled money; part-time jobs where you learned people skills; school activities where you learned self-discipline; or travel that expanded your view of the world. Always work to communicate your special qualities, those that make you uniquely able to handle the job you want.Its important to design your rà ©sumà ©, so it reflects you as a person and a future, valuable employee. In order to do this, consider using the following as guidelines:Use your rà ©sumà © to speak for you, a mentor that will communicate a precise, exciting picture of who you are and what you can do.Use your rà ©sumà © to focus on the opportunity you want right now, not a job you want ten years from now.Use your rà ©sumà © to slant your experience and training, so it best fits your next employers most urgent needs.If necessary, design several focused rà ©sumà ©s, each of which applies to a certain job arena. Make a list of the industries where you have competence and pick the most appropriate experiences and details for each field.Use your rà ©sumà © to focus on the lemonade in your background, not the lemons of past disappointments. Be careful of age references, track experience timelines to be sure that are representative, and dont include names and contacts for references (they change and you want to know whos talking to whom).Todays rà ©sumà © should be a creative, living document, a helpmate that changes and grows with you, as you move through the job search pro cess to career success.

A Very Short History of Tanzania

A Very Short History of Tanzania It is believed that modern humans originate from the rift valley region of East Africa, and as well as fossilized hominid remains, archaeologists have uncovered Africas oldest human settlement in Tanzania. From around first Millennium CE the region was settled by Bantu speaking peoples who migrated from the west and north. The coastal port of Kilwa was established around 800 CE by Arab traders, and Persians similarly settled Pemba and Zanzibar. By 1200 CE the distinctive mix of Arabs, Persians and Africans had developed into Swahili culture. Vasco da Gama sailed up the coast in 1498, and the coastal zone soon fell under the control of Portuguese. By the early 1700s Zanzibar had become a center for the Omani Arab slave trade. In the mid 1880s, the German Carl Peters began exploring the region, and by 1891 the colony of German East Africa had been created. In 1890, following its campaign to end the slave trade in the region, Britain made Zanzibar a protectorate. German East Africa was made a British mandate after World War I, and renamed Tanganyika. The Tanganyika African National Union, TANU, came together to oppose British rule in 1954 they achieved internal self-government in 1958, and independence on 9 December 1961. TANUs leader Julius Nyerere became prime minister, and then, when a republic was proclaimed on 9 December 1962, he became president. Nyerere introduced ujamma, a form of African socialism based on cooperative agriculture. Zanzibar won independence on 10 December 1963 and on 26 April 1964 merged with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanzania. During Nyereres rule, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary State Party) was declared the only legal political party in Tanzania. Nyerere retired from the presidency in 1985, and in 1992 the consitution was amended to allow multi-party democracy.

Equal Rights vs. Economic Restructuring Assignment

Equal Rights vs. Economic Restructuring - Assignment Example I particularly agree with Kollontai’s assertion that until economic inequalities are changed, nothing will really change and no, granting women the rights of suffrage, property ownership, wage ownership, and legal citizenship has not totally eliminated inequality. The assertion of Kollontai and Goldman are valid and in fact already practiced today and connected in a manner that childcare support from the state allows greater economic independence for women because it gives them the freedom to pursue their careers. This is however simplistic because childcare support and economic freedom does not automatically end inequality and discrimination against women. To eliminate inequality, the sense of justice should be present in all dimensions of society from the home, workplace to society at large. For example, to end inequality, husband and wife should treat each other as equals and therefore will take parenting and marriage as shared responsibility. It meant that the wife will not have to cook and serve the husband after work and it can be done by either party who has the time and energy to do it. In the workplace, it meant ending discrimination in all its forms from unequal wages to unjust treatment of pregnant women. This should also transcend to society at large where women should be seen not just as wives and housekeepers but an important part of societal